Shooter: Norwood Teague may be resigning today

I agree that the hiring of an AD is an especially important hire and requires a very high degree of due diligence, but from what I know of the circumstances of the Teague hiring, I find it difficult to fault Kaler. The StarTrib reported today that an Atlanta based search firm was paid in excess of $100,000 to identify and do back ground checks of AD candidates at the time. The University's search committee presumably reviewed that firm's recommendations and unanimously agreed that Teague was the best qualified candidate. I don't see what more Kaler should have done. And I especially think that the criticism of Kaler for his handling of the sexual harassment incidents is unfounded. Kaler acted quickly to deal with the situation and has commissioned a dual tract investigation to assure that the Athletic Department does not have further problems. I think his handling of the situation thus far is a model for other institutions, and deserves our praise; not our condemnation. Thus far I have been impressed with the job that Beth Goetz is doing as the interim. I hope that she gets serious consideration as Teague's replacement. I think Teague's behavior was outrageous, and not to be tolerated. I also think the University has made it clear that it, as an institution, will not in fact tolerate such behavior. That's precisely as it should be.
+1

Sent from my SM-T800 using Tapatalk
 

per the Pioneer Press:

Gophers booster and former football captain Jim Carter is still waiting for University of Minnesota President Eric Kaler and members of the search committee to take blame for hiring athletics director Norwood Teague, who resigned Aug. 7 amidst a sexual harassment scandal.

Carter, a member of the Gophers' 1967 Big Ten championship team and a former Pro Bowl linebacker with the Green Bay Packers, emailed a letter Wednesday morning to seven people on the 21-member search advisory committee that Kaler put together in 2012 to help find a new AD.

He also sent the email to the four members of the search committee: Mary Jo Kane, professor, College of Education and Human Development; Tim Mulcahy, former Vice President for Research; community member John Lindahl, a Minnesota graduate and managing general partner at Norwest Equity Partners; and Amy Phenix, U President Eric Kaler's chief of staff.

"It will be interesting to hear the committee members' defensive comments," Carter told the Pioneer Press.

Since Teague's departure, Carter has spoken to several boosters who are disappointed by the way Kaler and the search committees handled the process to replace Joel Maturi, who announced his retirement in February 2012.

"It seems nobody on the committees that were charged with selecting the Gopher Athletic Director in 2012 is now willing to stand up to be accountable for such a terrible hire," Carter wrote in his email. "... It is also somewhat interesting (though not surprising) that Dr. Kaler hasn't taken responsibility/accountability for the hire, either."

Advisory committee member Lou Nanne, a former Gophers hockey player and North Stars executive, said the letter is misguided.

The advisory committee met twice to discuss "goals and objectives" and never met a candidate.

"We never even knew any names," Nanne, the chief fund-raiser on the school's $190 million Athletes Village project, said Wednesday. "We met twice so we could go over what we expected from the candidates, like fund-raising, someone who works hard for the football and basketball team.

"We have 25 sports, and we have to make sure we have the revenue to pay for all of them."

http://www.twincities.com/sports/ci_28668422/booster-wants-u-president-committee-accept-blame-hiring

Go Gophers!!
 


Thanks Underground. I appreciate the links, but none suggest that Kaler was aware of sexual harassment problems prior to the incidents that triggered Teague’s recent resignation. And even Interim AD, Beth Goetz, has denied any prior knowledge of similar Teague boorish behavior. Kaler’s initial reaction that Teague’s conduct was an alcohol induced lapse of judgement, I suspect was an honestly held view that was exploded when Amelia Rayno came forward and revealed her own experience with Teague. Kaler apologized for his initial reaction, he accepted Teague’s resignation (which he probably asked for), and he launched an investigation of possible remaining problems. So I still believe that with respect to that issue, Kaler has acted quickly and responsibility, unless other evidence comes to light as a result of the pending dual tract AD investigation or otherwise.
What I think you are raising, though, is the broader question of Title IX compliance, and/or gender employment discrimination. Sadly, Teague’s apparent attitude towards woman may have affected his judgement in these regards as well, but these are different issues and should, in my opinion, be judged separately. I bring to these issues the perspective of one who has been an avid Gopher fan for over 65 years. I still recall the days when Minnesota had one of the best football programs in the country and I morn the conscious decision made in the 60s to de-emphasize the program. I think our revenue sports have been under-funded since that time. It is for that reason that I celebrated the hiring of first Kaler and then Teague because I believed they were committed to rebuilding our revenue sports. At the same time, I truly value our women’s sports programs, especially basketball, hockey, volleyball and soccer. I’ve downloaded the 2015-2016 schedules for these sports and will watch as many of the contests as I can. I don’t want the resurrection of football and the improvement of men’s basketball to occur at the expense of those programs, but I strongly believe that returning football and upgrading men’s basketball to national prominence, as the chief revenue generators, will benefit all of our sports programs, revenue and non-revenue.
I frankly have had some doubts re the credibility of the Title IX complaint filed against the University late last year. Claimed drops in woman participation rates, for example, seem implausible in the absence of a dropped program or two, and there is the fact that overall, our woman’s programs have been quite successful. What I suspected was that the new emphasis on revenue sports with Teague’s hiring disrupted a culture under Maturi that had favored the non-revenue sports. I also came to suspect that the complaint was intended as a chip in an internal department fight as to where to locate the new track and field facilities. While I still believe that this might be true, what, if any, effect Teague’s apparent attitude towards woman has had on Title IX compliance and gender employment issues are matters that need to be addressed, and I think will be addressed in the pending investigations.
With respect to Kaler’s role in all of this, I agree that the hiring of Teague was an unfortunate mistake, that ultimately he is responsible for that mistake, and that it’s up to him to deal with it. Having said that, I still believe, based on what we know thus far, that the process he used to make the Teague hire seemed reasonable at the time to identify a well-qualified candidate and to vet that candidate’s back ground. In my view, the breakdown of that process was the failure of the search firm to uncover Teague’s role in the VCU gender employment discrimination claim, which Teague concealed, and his basic attitude towards woman. Obviously, Kaler needs do what he can to make sure that this doesn’t happen again. It probably means at a minimum not using the same search firm, if he decides to use a search firm at all.
I personally have not lost confidence in Kaler. I think the dual track investigation is the right thing to do. I will reserve further judgement until we know more about the hiring process and the investigation. If there are problems, let’s fix them, but in the end I hope that the Athletic Department emerges as a strong and healthy organization. In the meantime, I think this is a time for all of us Gopher fans to rally around Kaler and support his efforts. That most particularly includes getting the new sports facilities built.

I appreciate the information and I think for the most part we're on the same page. However, the bolded part of what you said simply isn't true. Here's from the article I linked but didn't provide quotes:

"Two complaints accusing former University of Minnesota athletic director Norwood Teague of gender discrimination against co-workers resulted in $300,000 in settlements dating back to 2012, records obtained by the Star Tribune show.

The complaints were filed by employees at the University of Minnesota and at Virginia Commonwealth University, where Teague worked before being recruited by the U."

These two together, along with the Title IX investigation and Teague's lack of disclosure of the VCU gender discrimination, were certainly red flags very early on in his tenure. While those obviously aren't nearly as bad as sexual harassment, I find it hard to believe that those are the only red flags that Kaler was aware of regarding Teague's attitudes toward women.
 

Well this firm did bring us Tim Brewster, so you can understand why we'd give them a lot of leeway.

Hahaha, good point. Sure hope we continue to use them!

Classic clip, Unregistered User. Easily a top 5 comedy of all time for me.
 


I appreciate the information and I think for the most part we're on the same page. However, the bolded part of what you said simply isn't true. Here's from the article I linked but didn't provide quotes:

"Two complaints accusing former University of Minnesota athletic director Norwood Teague of gender discrimination against co-workers resulted in $300,000 in settlements dating back to 2012, records obtained by the Star Tribune show.

The complaints were filed by employees at the University of Minnesota and at Virginia Commonwealth University, where Teague worked before being recruited by the U."

These two together, along with the Title IX investigation and Teague's lack of disclosure of the VCU gender discrimination, were certainly red flags very early on in his tenure. While those obviously aren't nearly as bad as sexual harassment, I find it hard to believe that those are the only red flags that Kaler was aware of regarding Teague's attitudes toward women.

Sorry Underground, but the bolded part is true. It refers to solely to the sexual harassment incidents. Not the Title IX and gender discrimination issues. Those are separate issues, and need in my opinion to be addressed separately. Those issues I expect will be addressed in the dual track investigations, and if there is a problem, they can and should be addressed there.
 

Hahaha, wow, terrible reading comprehension on my part. We've been arguing different things this whole time. I was only ever arguing that there were enough red flags for Teague to be fired long ago. Because that's what I was arguing and you were responding to me, it was already in my head that you were saying Kaler wasn't aware of any good reasons to fire Teague. My mistake.

Sorry Underground, but the bolded part is true. It refers to solely to the sexual harassment incidents. Not the Title IX and gender discrimination issues. Those are separate issues, and need in my opinion to be addressed separately. Those issues I expect will be addressed in the dual track investigations, and if there is a problem, they can and should be addressed there.
 

I don't know anything but

Sorry Underground, but the bolded part is true. It refers to solely to the sexual harassment incidents. Not the Title IX and gender discrimination issues. Those are separate issues, and need in my opinion to be addressed separately. Those issues I expect will be addressed in the dual track investigations, and if there is a problem, they can and should be addressed there.
"none suggest that Kaler was aware of sexual harassment problems prior to the incidents that triggered Teague’s recent resignation"
Kaler was asked if he was aware of anything like this and he could of said absolutely not...but he answered sure you hear rumors about people all the time...people talk
he chose to look the other way...in addition, the two women work in his office
 

Hahaha, wow, terrible reading comprehension on my part. We've been arguing different things this whole time. I was only ever arguing that there were enough red flags for Teague to be fired long ago. Because that's what I was arguing and you were responding to me, it was already in my head that you were saying Kaler wasn't aware of any good reasons to fire Teague. My mistake.

No problem. Let's just hope that this all gets sorted out soon without doing any serious long term damage.
 




"none suggest that Kaler was aware of sexual harassment problems prior to the incidents that triggered Teague’s recent resignation"
Kaler was asked if he was aware of anything like this and he could of said absolutely not...but he answered sure you hear rumors about people all the time...people talk
he chose to look the other way...in addition, the two women work in his office

It's an answer that needs to be explored. I assume that the pending investigation will include what Kaler knew, when he knew it, and what, if anything, he did about it.
 

STrib: After Norwood Teague scandal, U is left with some explaining to do

Kaler declined to say if he ever asked Teague directly about the Virginia sex-discrimination complaint when it finally came to light. Nor would he say what, if any, action he took as a result, though the U said Teague was never disciplined before his resignation.

Kaler insisted that the U is “deeply committed to Title IX,” noting that the school has completed its own internal review of gender equity in sports, and is cooperating fully with the current federal investigation.

Perry Leo, a professor of aerospace engineering and mechanics who worked with Teague as a faculty athletics representative, cautioned against reading too much into the two discrimination complaints.

“I don’t think this is as uncommon as people think it is, suing for discrimination when you’re let go,” he said. Settlements don’t necessarily mean guilt, Leo said.

Former Minnesota Gov. Arne Carlson, who has been critical of Kaler’s administration, said university officials should held accountable.

“Somebody appointed Teague, somebody knew about his past misbehavior, and somebody refused to do anything about it,” he said. “It all goes back to the office of the president and the board of regents.”

http://www.startribune.com/after-teague-scandal-u-is-left-with-some-explaining-to-do/322596941/

Go Gophers!!
 




http://spokesman-recorder.com/2015/08/19/hey-tubby-norwood-gone/

Hey Tubby, Norwood is gone!
By: RON EDWARDS | August 19, 2015

Hey Amelia, why Now? Why so much left out?

The most recent University of Minnesota racism agenda began April 23, 2012, with the arrival of the notorious Norwood Teague as University athletic director, on a five-year contract.

It ended when he was forced to resign, August 7, for sexual harassment charges. In between, on March 25, 2013, he fired Basketball Head Coach Tubby Smith, even though UM reached the NCAA tournament’s 2nd round. Missing in the story: the well known but covered up virulent racism of Teague that the University knew about but did not stop.

His racism was well known by the current president who hired him, to the school he was hired from and in the UM community during his tenure here. The university is trying to cover that up by distracting with the sexual harassment story, but the real story is the racism.

The negative campaign started when he was 15-1 (recall that Tubby Smith, a hall of fame coach and player, also coached a national championship). The Star Tribune reporter, Amelia Rayno, in her stories, helped Teague carry out his Teague Doctrine to get rid of Black coaches and quarterbacks.

The University of Minnesota and the Star Tribune choose to suppress facts and truth. Working hand in hand, Norwood Teague and Amelia Rayno made it appear that a successful African American coach was under consideration for the UM when all knew that that Black coach loathed the racism of Teague and would never work for him again. The strategy was used to disarm influential University Black alumni, to keep them quiet.

In those conversations over drinks, at cocktail parties, gatherings in Norwood’s home, etc., there was often much discussion of the Negro problem within the UM athletic program. At some point people will ask UM football coach Jerry Kill about the overt racism of Norwood Teague.

We are not concerned about the consensual rendezvous of the AD and reporter. But we are concerned about their attempt to destroy a coach, to destroy a cordial work environment, and to trash the legacy of the many great Black athletes who have served the University well for over a century.

Stay tuned.
 

http://spokesman-recorder.com/2015/08/19/hey-tubby-norwood-gone/

Hey Tubby, Norwood is gone!
By: RON EDWARDS | August 19, 2015

Hey Amelia, why Now? Why so much left out?

The most recent University of Minnesota racism agenda began April 23, 2012, with the arrival of the notorious Norwood Teague as University athletic director, on a five-year contract.

It ended when he was forced to resign, August 7, for sexual harassment charges. In between, on March 25, 2013, he fired Basketball Head Coach Tubby Smith, even though UM reached the NCAA tournament’s 2nd round. Missing in the story: the well known but covered up virulent racism of Teague that the University knew about but did not stop.

His racism was well known by the current president who hired him, to the school he was hired from and in the UM community during his tenure here. The university is trying to cover that up by distracting with the sexual harassment story, but the real story is the racism.

The negative campaign started when he was 15-1 (recall that Tubby Smith, a hall of fame coach and player, also coached a national championship). The Star Tribune reporter, Amelia Rayno, in her stories, helped Teague carry out his Teague Doctrine to get rid of Black coaches and quarterbacks.

The University of Minnesota and the Star Tribune choose to suppress facts and truth. Working hand in hand, Norwood Teague and Amelia Rayno made it appear that a successful African American coach was under consideration for the UM when all knew that that Black coach loathed the racism of Teague and would never work for him again. The strategy was used to disarm influential University Black alumni, to keep them quiet.

In those conversations over drinks, at cocktail parties, gatherings in Norwood’s home, etc., there was often much discussion of the Negro problem within the UM athletic program. At some point people will ask UM football coach Jerry Kill about the overt racism of Norwood Teague.

We are not concerned about the consensual rendezvous of the AD and reporter. But we are concerned about their attempt to destroy a coach, to destroy a cordial work environment, and to trash the legacy of the many great Black athletes who have served the University well for over a century.

Stay tuned.

Give me a break. Crazy how Teague hired Shaka Smart at VCU when he's such a well-known racist.
 

http://spokesman-recorder.com/2015/08/19/hey-tubby-norwood-gone/

Hey Tubby, Norwood is gone!
By: RON EDWARDS | August 19, 2015

Hey Amelia, why Now? Why so much left out?

The most recent University of Minnesota racism agenda began April 23, 2012, with the arrival of the notorious Norwood Teague as University athletic director, on a five-year contract.

It ended when he was forced to resign, August 7, for sexual harassment charges. In between, on March 25, 2013, he fired Basketball Head Coach Tubby Smith, even though UM reached the NCAA tournament’s 2nd round. Missing in the story: the well known but covered up virulent racism of Teague that the University knew about but did not stop.

His racism was well known by the current president who hired him, to the school he was hired from and in the UM community during his tenure here. The university is trying to cover that up by distracting with the sexual harassment story, but the real story is the racism.

The negative campaign started when he was 15-1 (recall that Tubby Smith, a hall of fame coach and player, also coached a national championship). The Star Tribune reporter, Amelia Rayno, in her stories, helped Teague carry out his Teague Doctrine to get rid of Black coaches and quarterbacks.

The University of Minnesota and the Star Tribune choose to suppress facts and truth. Working hand in hand, Norwood Teague and Amelia Rayno made it appear that a successful African American coach was under consideration for the UM when all knew that that Black coach loathed the racism of Teague and would never work for him again. The strategy was used to disarm influential University Black alumni, to keep them quiet.

In those conversations over drinks, at cocktail parties, gatherings in Norwood’s home, etc., there was often much discussion of the Negro problem within the UM athletic program. At some point people will ask UM football coach Jerry Kill about the overt racism of Norwood Teague.

We are not concerned about the consensual rendezvous of the AD and reporter. But we are concerned about their attempt to destroy a coach, to destroy a cordial work environment, and to trash the legacy of the many great Black athletes who have served the University well for over a century.

Stay tuned.

Delusional. Does anyone read that publication? Conspiracy theories right up there with JFK assassination, who controls the "media." Sounds like he's trying to draw attention to himself through the U's current crisis.
 

http://spokesman-recorder.com/2015/08/19/hey-tubby-norwood-gone/

Hey Tubby, Norwood is gone!
By: RON EDWARDS | August 19, 2015

Hey Amelia, why Now? Why so much left out?

The most recent University of Minnesota racism agenda began April 23, 2012, with the arrival of the notorious Norwood Teague as University athletic director, on a five-year contract.

It ended when he was forced to resign, August 7, for sexual harassment charges. In between, on March 25, 2013, he fired Basketball Head Coach Tubby Smith, even though UM reached the NCAA tournament’s 2nd round. Missing in the story: the well known but covered up virulent racism of Teague that the University knew about but did not stop.

His racism was well known by the current president who hired him, to the school he was hired from and in the UM community during his tenure here. The university is trying to cover that up by distracting with the sexual harassment story, but the real story is the racism.

The negative campaign started when he was 15-1 (recall that Tubby Smith, a hall of fame coach and player, also coached a national championship). The Star Tribune reporter, Amelia Rayno, in her stories, helped Teague carry out his Teague Doctrine to get rid of Black coaches and quarterbacks.

The University of Minnesota and the Star Tribune choose to suppress facts and truth. Working hand in hand, Norwood Teague and Amelia Rayno made it appear that a successful African American coach was under consideration for the UM when all knew that that Black coach loathed the racism of Teague and would never work for him again. The strategy was used to disarm influential University Black alumni, to keep them quiet.

In those conversations over drinks, at cocktail parties, gatherings in Norwood’s home, etc., there was often much discussion of the Negro problem within the UM athletic program. At some point people will ask UM football coach Jerry Kill about the overt racism of Norwood Teague.

We are not concerned about the consensual rendezvous of the AD and reporter. But we are concerned about their attempt to destroy a coach, to destroy a cordial work environment, and to trash the legacy of the many great Black athletes who have served the University well for over a century.

Stay tuned.

This is borderline deranged.
 

Give me a break. Crazy how Teague hired Shaka Smart at VCU when he's such a well-known racist.

I am glad the poster used the actual article so I didn't have to click the link. That might be the dumbest thing I've read in a while.

NT might be racist as can be, but if the example the author is using is his hiring record I just don't get it? He worked with Anthony Grant at VCU (I know we've gone back and forth on who actually hired him, not sure anymore) and hired Shaka.

Firing Tubby is hardly proof of if he's racist or not.
 

He worked with Anthony Grant at VCU (I know we've gone back and forth on who actually hired him, not sure anymore

Teague and Grant effectively started at VCU at the same time, so I think it's safe to say he didn't play any role in the hiring process.
 

Isn't this the same guy that claimed the Timberwolves were too white a few years back?

Edit: found the quote in the Star Tribune

Ron Edwards, a longtime Minneapolis civil rights advocate, said he remembers a day last winter when he was watching the Wolves and the only black player on the floor was Wes Johnson, a situation he calls "somewhat disturbing." His sentiments grew stronger, he said, as he watched the team's roster grow even more white this offseason.

"It raises some real questions to me about what's really intended," Edwards said. "I think, personally, that it was calculated. Is this an attempt to get fans back in the stands? Minnesota, after all, is a pretty white state.''
 


"It raises some real questions to me about what's really intended," Edwards said. "I think, personally, that it was calculated. Is this an attempt to get fans back in the stands? Minnesota, after all, is a pretty white state.''

Ron may have a point. Kevin Garnett is white, right?
----------------------------------
Minnesota entered Wednesday night last in the league in attendance at 13,840 per game.

Garnett's first game Wednesday night sold out quickly, with standing room swelling the crowd to 19,856, just the third sellout this season.

The Timberwolves sold more than 6,000 individual game tickets since Thursday, according to spokesman Brad Ruiter, who also attributed most of 400 new season tickets sold since the All-Star break to Garnett.

"We think we'll sell most of our single-game tickets for the rest of the year," T'wolves President Chris Wright said. "People want to see K.G. before he goes."
 

Isn't this the same guy that claimed the Timberwolves were too white a few years back?

Edit: found the quote in the Star Tribune

Ron Edwards, a longtime Minneapolis civil rights advocate, said he remembers a day last winter when he was watching the Wolves and the only black player on the floor was Wes Johnson, a situation he calls "somewhat disturbing." His sentiments grew stronger, he said, as he watched the team's roster grow even more white this offseason.

"It raises some real questions to me about what's really intended," Edwards said. "I think, personally, that it was calculated. Is this an attempt to get fans back in the stands? Minnesota, after all, is a pretty white state.''

The irony of that statement is that at the time, the Wolves were incredibly diverse, as diversity is not just a white and black issue. We had Pek, Rubio, JJ, Kirilenko, Shved, and I'm sure I'm missing a few. That's some solid diversity right there, unless we define diversity only by color.

Go Gophers!!
 

The irony of that statement is that at the time, the Wolves were incredibly diverse, as diversity is not just a white and black issue. We had Pek, Rubio, JJ, Kirilenko, Shved, and I'm sure I'm missing a few. That's some solid diversity right there, unless we define diversity only by color.

Go Gophers!!

Ron Edwards, I think, sees the world through colored glasses.
 


That was the most I've ever laughed at an article that wasn't supposed to be funny. Delusional was definitely an apt word to describe that. I kept thinking to myself that it couldn't possibly be serious. That "article" completely lacked logic and even remotely valid evidence and was extremely offensive toward Amelia Rayno.

http://spokesman-recorder.com/2015/08/19/hey-tubby-norwood-gone/

Hey Tubby, Norwood is gone!
By: RON EDWARDS | August 19, 2015

Hey Amelia, why Now? Why so much left out?

The most recent University of Minnesota racism agenda began April 23, 2012, with the arrival of the notorious Norwood Teague as University athletic director, on a five-year contract.

It ended when he was forced to resign, August 7, for sexual harassment charges. In between, on March 25, 2013, he fired Basketball Head Coach Tubby Smith, even though UM reached the NCAA tournament’s 2nd round. Missing in the story: the well known but covered up virulent racism of Teague that the University knew about but did not stop.

His racism was well known by the current president who hired him, to the school he was hired from and in the UM community during his tenure here. The university is trying to cover that up by distracting with the sexual harassment story, but the real story is the racism.

The negative campaign started when he was 15-1 (recall that Tubby Smith, a hall of fame coach and player, also coached a national championship). The Star Tribune reporter, Amelia Rayno, in her stories, helped Teague carry out his Teague Doctrine to get rid of Black coaches and quarterbacks.

The University of Minnesota and the Star Tribune choose to suppress facts and truth. Working hand in hand, Norwood Teague and Amelia Rayno made it appear that a successful African American coach was under consideration for the UM when all knew that that Black coach loathed the racism of Teague and would never work for him again. The strategy was used to disarm influential University Black alumni, to keep them quiet.

In those conversations over drinks, at cocktail parties, gatherings in Norwood’s home, etc., there was often much discussion of the Negro problem within the UM athletic program. At some point people will ask UM football coach Jerry Kill about the overt racism of Norwood Teague.

We are not concerned about the consensual rendezvous of the AD and reporter. But we are concerned about their attempt to destroy a coach, to destroy a cordial work environment, and to trash the legacy of the many great Black athletes who have served the University well for over a century.

Stay tuned.
 

That was the most I've ever laughed at an article that wasn't supposed to be funny. Delusional was definitely an apt word to describe that. I kept thinking to myself that it couldn't possibly be serious. That "article" completely lacked logic and even remotely valid evidence and was extremely offensive toward Amelia Rayno.

It outright slanders her. Not only does it accuse her of being a racist with no proof, but of making up the sexual harassment story. This reporter should be fired and this 'publication' ashamed of itself.
 

Someone should bring a lawsuit against him/them. I mean seriously, calling Amerlia a racist and co-conspirator?
 






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