It certainly gets subsidization but does not need it.
Sure it does. The return on investment is not very large. The real benefit from ownership is prestige.
Without subsidization it would be smaller (ROI) and given it's a capital intensive business the people that can afford to put on football games just wouldn't. There are far better ways to spend their money that would make them a boatload.
Below are the 2013 NFL numbers: Source Forbes.
Since we are discussing profitability we must use numbers designed to gauge that, thus NFL figures are used via analogy. Note that these numbers include the subsidies.
Consider "the value" the necessary investment.
Note They use EBIT. That means one excludes any interest, and taxes.
League Avg return on capital is 3.77%
Current 10 year Treasury Bond Yield 3%
S&P 500 Index Investment 10% (approx since 1960)
*Numbers in millions
Team Value Revenue EBIT RoR
1 Dallas 2,500 539 251 10.03%
2 New Eng 1,800 408 139 7.73%
3 Skins 1,700 381 104 6.14%
4 Giants 1,550 338 64 4.15%
5 Texans 1,450 320 82 5.62%
6 NY Jets 1,380 321 53 3.83%
7 Eagles 1,314 306 48 3.64%
8 Bears 1,252 298 63 5.05%
9 Ravens 1,222 292 48 3.95%
10 49ers 1,224 255 10 0.83%
11 Ind Colts 1,200 276 65 5.42%
12 Packers 1,183 282 54 4.59%
13 Denver 1,161 283 32 2.73%
14 Steelers 1,118 266 28 2.53%
15 Seattle 1,081 270 28 2.61%
16 Dolphins 1,074 268 25 2.31%
17 Tampa 1,067 267 2 0.21%
18 Carolina 1,057 271 29 2.73%
19 Titans 1,055 270 40 3.79%
20 Cheifs 1,009 245 15 1.49%
21 Queens 1,007 234 28 2.78%
22 Browns 1,005 264 17 1.70%
23 Saints 1,004 276 22 2.21%
24 Cards 961 253 10 1.01%
25 Chargers 949 250 30 3.20%
26 Falcons 933 252 19 1.98%
27 Bengals 924 250 37 4.04%
28 Lions 900 248 4 0.39%
29 Rams 875 239 21 2.41%
30 Buffalo 870 256 13 1.45%
31 Jaguars 840 260 16 1.85%
32 Oakland 825 229 19 2.32%
33 Average 1171 286 44.2 3.77%
Basically, one could do better without even trying. Why tie up billions when you can barely beat the risk free rate of return? If you took away the subsidies these businesses would clearly lose money. They need governments to finance these paltry returns.
College football is even more skewed and need subsidies even more.
Consider that their revenue and profit figures include donations. Guess what wouldn't be included when college players get paid. Revenue is not equal in not for profit accounting with revenue in the for profit world.
This is not a good business. The money isn't there. ESPN doesn't count. You have to buy shares in Disney (DIS) to rake in that dough.
College Basketball makes money, but as the NBA proves... this is because of the model. For all you ****house lawyers that means the business model is a necessary condition.
If you change it you lose it. You also loose the segway into millions of dollars for a ton of kids. Make no mistake if you change college sports, the on field product in NBA and NFL will suffer greatly. There will be massive damage to the quality of play and these businesses will get worse.