As others have pointed out, the badger is not red and the wolverine is not blue. I'd say that the maroon and gold is a whole lot closer to the colors of the Gopher. The tan of a gophers is similar to gold - we call a wheat field golden, and it's closer to the color of a Gopher. Now, the maroon, that's closer to the dark stripes of the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel.
The name "The Gopher State" came from a political cartoon from 1858, which satirized a $5 million loan for a railroad that went under in 1860. The cartoon had the train being pulled by Gophers. The cartoonist didn't know what a gopher actually looked like, so he drew a 13-Lined Ground Squirrel. So, the Minnesota Golden Gopher is a 13-Lined Ground Squirrel. Still Goldy Gopher. It's history.
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Goldy Gopher is exactly what we say he is. I mean, he Horned Frog is actually a lizard, not a frog. Pierre, SD is pronounced "peer". Cairo, IL is pronounced "Cay-ro."