1. You are correct, it is a "mace". Not all Drum Major's carry one, some carry battons.
2. I can't remember if I criticized the Drum Major's between 2013 and 2017 and I don't see the connection between that and this discussion.
3. I'm sure the qualifications HAVE changed, but if they did, they should be even tougher today than 50 years ago. Regarding Rank Lieutenants, you were the one that opened the door on that one asking me what makes me some so-called expert. I probably have more of a band background than the average fan. On a side note, are you aware of the reason that all Big 10 Marching Bands were all-male from WWII until the mid-70's? It was because the only way a male student at a Land Grant University could keep their 2-S deferment from the draft, was to join the campus ROTC or join the Marching Band. This rule only applied to male students and any male that could play an instrument or fake it, joined the marching band. The only reason I know this is because I had to make a presentation to the Board of Regents in 1968 along with Dr. Ben and we were asked the question by a couple members of the Board. I had no idea at the time, but Dr. Ben explained it to them.
4. I cannot answer that question because I don't have enough background. on who else auditioned for the position. I have been involved in the drum major auditions a few years back through the Band Alumni Assn. however, and I was involved in the auditions and selection of the Drum Major for the 451st Army Band 1971 - 1980 and was assistant Band Master of that organization the last 4 years that I was in the Army.